Development Of Digital Technologies Research Articles

Application of Digital Twin in Electric Vehicle Powertrain: A Review

Digital Twin (DT) is widely regarded as a highly promising technology with the potential to revolutionize various industries, making it a key trend in the Industry 4.0 era. In a cost-effective and risk-free setting, digital twins facilitate the interaction and merging of the physical and informational realms. The application of digital twins spans across different sectors, including aerospace, healthcare, smart manufacturing, and smart cities. As electric vehicles have experienced rapid growth, there is a growing demand for the development of innovative technologies. One potential area for digital twins application is within the automotive sector. The powertrain system of electric vehicles (EVs) consists of three parts, power source, power electronic system, and electric motor, which are considered as the core components of electric vehicles. The focus of this paper is to conduct a methodical review regarding the use of digital twins in the powertrain of electric vehicles (EVs). While reviewing the development of digital twin technology, its main application scenarios and its use in electric vehicle powertrains are analysed. Finally, the digital twins currently encounter several challenges that need to be addressed, and so the future development of their application to electric vehicles are summarized.

Diagnostic accuracy of digital technologies compared with 12-lead ECG in the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in adults: A protocol for a systematic review.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia in the world. AF increases the risk of stroke 5-fold, though the risk can be reduced with appropriate treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis is imperative but remains a global challenge. In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), a lack of diagnostic equipment and under-resourced healthcare systems generate further barriers. The rapid development of digital technologies that are capable of diagnosing AF remotely and cost-effectively could prove beneficial for LMICs. However, evidence is lacking on what digital technologies exist and how they compare in regards to diagnostic accuracy. We aim to systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of all digital technologies capable of AF diagnosis. MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science will be searched for eligible studies. Free text terms will be combined with corresponding index terms where available and searches will not be limited by language nor time of publication. Cohort or cross-sectional studies comprising adult (≥18 years) participants will be included. Only studies that use a 12-lead ECG as the reference test (comparator) and report outcomes of sensitivity, specificity, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) or the positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) will be included (or if they provide sufficient data to calculate these outcomes). Two reviewers will independently assess articles for inclusion, extract data using a piloted tool and assess risk of bias using the QUADAS-2 tool. The feasibility of a meta-analysis will be determined by assessing heterogeneity across the studies, grouped by index device, diagnostic threshold and setting. If a meta-analysis is feasible for any index device, pooled sensitivity and specificity will be calculated using a random effect model and presented in forest plots. The findings of our review will provide a comprehensive synthesis of the diagnostic accuracy of available digital technologies capable for diagnosing AF. Thus, this review will aid in the identification of which devices could be further trialed and implemented, particularly in a LMIC setting, to improve the early diagnosis of AF. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration number is CRD42021290542. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021290542.

Evaluating the integration of traditional gong methods in smart home environment for the recovery of health functions of stroke patients

Since the 21st century, network and mobile communication technology are gradually entering the medical and health services field. Combining body area networks, broad-generation mobile communications, and cloud platforms has made various medical applications for large-scale populations possible. The development of digital medical technology, especially digital telemedicine, is increasingly proving to be an important means of significantly reducing the cost of medical care and access, changing the distribution of medical resources, and improving the overall level of care. To observe the effects of traditional Chinese medicine gongfu combined with rehabilitation therapy on mild depression, anxiety, and functional recovery of activities of daily living (ADL) in patients recovering from stroke, and to provide new treatment methods to improve the function and daily living ability of the group who develop mild depression and anxiety after stroke. In this paper, the digital medical engineering application combining information technology and medical treatment integrates various high-end information technologies such as body domain network and cloud computing to solve the difficulties in the current application one by one, to provide the national people with the system provides “timely”, “local” and “bottomless” remote digital health services to the Chinese people.

Терминология цифрового мира в свете коммуникативистики

The development of digital technologies in the modern world, in particular artificial intelligence (AI), has brought about the creation of ChatGPT, a unique ChatGPT language model capable of communicating with humans. This article is devoted to the analysis of the functioning features of the ChatGPT language model, which is a product of artificial intelligence. Trained by a human, this model is able of communicating with users, creating the impression of full-fledged communication, vividly demonstrating that information exchange can occur not only between people, but also between a person and a machine. Communicative shifts of this kind have become possible as a result of the achievements of the digital revolution, which is shaping a new cyberspace of human existence. This indicates the radical changes that are taking place in society, and lead to a paradigm shift and the formation of new thinking and its embodiment in language. The purpose of this article is to analyze the terminology and its definitions, revealing the essence and functions of the ChatGPT language model. The tasks of this paper are defined by the purpose set for the investigation and boil down to a number of operations necessary to achieve it. The novelty of this work is due to the research material, which has become the subject of linguistic analysis for the first time. The methods used in the article, such as the semantic analysis of ChatGPT terminology, its synthesis, as well as classification, has made it possible to present the terminological system of this field in the process of creating new knowledge and contributing to effective communication. As a result of the analysis of the language units in question, the authors have managed to understand the operation associated with ChatGPT training, identifying the main functions of this language model, and tracing the ways of its further development.

The Application and Research of Digital Art in Architectural Decoration Design

This paper aims to explore the application and research of digital art in the field of architectural decoration. With the continuous development and popularization of digital technology, digital art, as a new form of art expression, is gradually infiltrating into every aspect of architectural decoration. The introduction of digital art provides architectural designers and decorators with a broader space for creation and a richer way of expression, and also endows architectural works with more colorful artistic connotation and the atmosphere of The Times. Based on the concept and characteristics of digital art, this paper discusses the application practice of digital art in traditional and modern architectural decoration, analyzes its influence on architectural decoration style, spatial atmosphere and user experience, and prospects the future development trend of digital art in the field of architectural decoration.

Factors That Encourage Investors to Decide to Invest in Shares in the Capital Market for the 2020-2023 Period (Covid-19 Pandemic): Systematic Literature Review

Investment is a very important element for a country because it has two roles, namely as a supporter of income and a driver of economic growth. In this research, the author analyzes what factors encourage investors to decide to invest in shares in the capital market. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. This research comes from articles published in 2020-2023 found in Publish or Perish and Google Scholar. Data is collected, identified and assessed before being systematically reviewed with the aim of supporting further research. The results of this review show that during the Covid-19 pandemic, many investors made stock investment decisions in the capital market due to psychological factors. As a result of the economic problems that have arisen as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, many people's perspectives have changed from previously preferring traditional investments such as deposits to looking for investment options that provide high returns such as mutual funds and shares with different investment objectives. This is also supported by the rapid development of digital and information technology during the Covid-19 pandemic, which has caused public participation in the capital market to increase. Many fintech companies that adopt automatic investment technology are able to remove obstacles for potential investors who lack investment literacy and limited capital without having to study and understand the entire investment scheme in the capital market. Apart from that, financial literacy is also mentioned as a factor that can determine stock investment decisions because the knowledge that comes from literacy will strengthen stock investment decisions.

Analysis and Research of Illustration Teaching Design in Applied Universities under Digital Environment

With the continuous development of digital technology, the field of education is also facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. The purpose of this study is to explore the practice and application of illustration instructional design in applied colleges and universities under the digital environment. Firstly, through in-depth analysis of the impact of digital environment on education and the trend of digital education in applied colleges and universities, the importance and role of digital technology in teaching is highlighted. Then, combining with the characteristics and needs of illustration teaching, this paper puts forward the theoretical and practical framework of illustration instructional design adapted to the digital environment, and emphasizes that instructional design should be closely combined with practice and pay attention to the cultivation of students' practical application ability. Further, through the analysis of specific cases, the paper discusses the reform and construction of illustration course under the digital environment, including the optimization of course content, the development and utilization of digital teaching resources, etc. Finally, the relevant cases are evaluated, and the practical experience and enlightenment of illustration instructional design in the digital environment are summarized. The research results show that illustration instructional design under the digital environment should pay attention to innovation and practice, and actively use digital technology to provide students with more diversified learning experience, so as to cultivate their innovative ability and practical ability.

ACTOR SYNERGITYTRIPLE HELIX IN SMART TOURISM: THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SMART VILLAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF TOURIST VILLAGES IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE

Purpose: The development of digital era tourism has become the main trend related to the development of tourism based on smart tourism. The synergy of the triple helix actors, namely the Government, the community and young people (millennials) in order to support the successful implementation of smart tourism is the main key apart from infrastructure issues and qualified technological support.   Theoretical Framework: The hope of conducting this research is to map out in detail the smart village from the point of view of the functions of the government, society, and the millennial generation in smart tourism in Trimulyo Village, West Lampung Regency. The smart village concept is a collaborative use of digital technology, community empowerment and sustainable development in the context of development in rural areas. Within this framework, the Triplehelix actors who are the main subjects of this research are actively involved in decision making, developing a creative economy based on local wisdom, and developing sustainable resources.   Methods: This research is supported and studied with a descriptive qualitative method. All information is collected from the results of interviews, field observations and document analysis.   Results: This research presents important documents from a smart village, including education and training, digital-based infrastructure, local economic development and sustainable resource management. The results of this study are the involvement of Triplehelix actors in smart villages showing positive results, including the creation of sustainable, smart and empowering tourist destinations.   Conclusions: This research makes an important contribution to understanding how the smart village framework increases the participation of Triplehelix actors in smart tourism in Trimulyo Village, Gedung Surian District, West Lampung Regency.

Exploration of Course Ideological and Political Reform in Cultural and Art Courses Empowered by the Metaverse

Course ideological and political education, as an important part of moral education and talent cultivation in higher education, reflects the fundamental purpose of higher education in teaching and educating people. The ideological and political education in cultural and artistic courses in universities should adapt to the development of digital technology and innovate teaching methods, and combine the development of the metaverse and service design thinking to carry out ideological and political education reform. The article combines the background of the metaverse era, from classroom teaching to online teaching to practical teaching, to explore how to better utilize the metaverse to reform ideological and political education in cultural and artistic courses. By combining the metaverse context to enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political education in cultural and artistic courses, and by expanding the functions of the metaverse platform and designing teaching methods to comprehensively enhance students' comprehensive literacy, it promotes the reform of ideological and political education in higher education courses and serves the high-quality development process of national economic, social, and cultural construction.

Examination of Digitalized Non-Heritage Apparel Design Using CLO3D: Case Study of Ningbo Gold and Silver Color Embroidery

Driven by the wave of digitalization and fashion, traditional handicrafts in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) have experienced a remarkable transformation in the existing social value coordinate system. On the one hand, as a key carrier of the historical and cultural memory of the nation and the state, intangible cultural heritage is faced with many challenges of preservation and inheritance; on the other hand, the rapid development of digital technology provides innovative solutions for the modernization of traditional arts. This paper uses Ningbo gold, silver and color embroidery as a case study to explore the application of CLO3D software technology in the design of nonheritage apparel products and shows nonheritage crafts through digital simulation technology, which is not only the future development direction of the apparel industry but also the reconstruction of the apparel form and the use of function, aiming to assess its impact on nonheritage protection and innovation and to find a new path for the digital inheritance of nonheritage.

Intelligent e-learning design for art courses based on adaptive learning algorithms and artificial intelligence

With the development of digital technology and the popularity of the Internet, e-learning has become an increasingly popular learning method. However, current e-learning systems often lack personalization and intelligence, and cannot meet the different learning needs of students. This paper designed an intelligent e-learning system using adaptive learning algorithm and artificial intelligence technology. The system aims to provide a personalized learning experience to help students efficiently master the knowledge of art courses. We introduce in detail the design and implementation of the intelligent e-learning system, which uses the adaptive learning algorithm to continuously adjust the learning content and learning methods by analyzing the students’ learning behaviors and characteristics. The system provide intelligent tutoring and evaluation functions to help students with autonomous learning and feedback. By comparing the experiment with the traditional e-learning system, we find that the intelligent e-learning system has significant advantages in improving the learning effect and learning motivation. After using the intelligent e-learning system, students’ knowledge mastery and learning interest have been significantly improved.

Financial literacy of technical university students: self-assessment of the state and dynamics of its development

Introduction. In the context of the rapid development of digital financial technologies, an increase in banking services and fraudulent schemes, the problem of a low level of financial illiteracy among the population is becoming acute. Proper management of your own finances is useful knowledge that will help you achieve financial well-being and stability. Poor understanding of trends in the global economy and country development plans; response to advertising without critical thinking, recalculation of numbers, inability to see hidden commissions and other negative factors leading to loss of capital, all this is the reason for the formation of financial competence of the younger generation. The purpose of the study is to analyze technical university students’ self-assessment of their financial literacy. Materials and methods. The research material was based on survey data from 230 students of the Stupino branch of the Moscow Aviation Institute (Russian Federation). Statistical differences were assessed using the χ²-Pearson goodness-of-fit test. Results. It was revealed that digitalization and lockdown contributed to increasing the motivation of technical university students to master financial literacy: 99.1% of students use financial services, 76.1% of respondents are aimed at increasing their level of financial literacy and are ready to gain knowledge as part of the course program (54.3%) or through the introduction of a separate subject (36.1%) and only 9.6% of respondents believe that studying personal finance management issues at the university is maximized. The analysis showed that in a comparative analysis of respondents’ answers in 2020 and 2023, statistical differences are significant (χ²obs > χ²cr) for almost all questions of the second module. Thus, the observed value of the Pearson criterion χ²obs = 7.33 exceeds the critical value χ²cr = 3.84 at the significance level α = 0.05 by almost two times for questions about the key rate of the Central Bank. Students are interested in the discount rate, understanding its role in solving financial issues. For the group of issues related to investing in financial markets, statistical differences are also significant (χ²obs = 27.8 при χ²cr = 11.07, α = 0.05). Respondents in 2023 are showing greater interest in trends in the stock, foreign exchange and other markets. There are also significant statistical differences in the group of questions about acquiring knowledge in the field of financial literacy (χ²obs = 22.79, χ²cr = 5.99 at a significance level of α = 0.05). Engineering students surveyed in 2023 are ready to study personal finance management in college. Conclusion. The study showed the feasibility of introducing elective classes on financial literacy at a university, where innovative approaches using quest technologies, master classes, and intellectual and entertaining quizzes can help engineering students overcome gaps in managing their own finances.

Does Digital Economy Affect Corporate ESG Performance? New Insights from China

With the explosive development and innovation of digital and information technologies, a big data era has arrived in China. We examine the influence of the digital economy on corporate ESG performance using panel data from A-share listed firms in China between 2011 and 2021. First, we find that the digital economy can significantly improve corporate ESG performance, especially in environmental and governance dimensions. Second, our mechanism analysis identifies two channels—green innovation and digital transformation—through which the digital economy affects corporate ESG performance. Third, our cross-sectional analysis shows that the effect of the digital economy on corporate ESG performance is more pronounced for listed firms located in areas with lower economic levels, facing higher financing constraints, and belonging to high-polluting industries. Finally, our results remain robust after conducting a series of tests. Our study underscores the policy implication that embracing and promoting digital economy initiatives can serve as a potent lever to enhance corporate ESG performance, particularly in environmental and governance dimensions.

The Use of Metaverse in Providing Interactive Learning Experiences in Schools

The development of digital technology has played an increasingly important role in education, and the concept of the metaverse offers the potential to enhance the quality of learning. The implementation of metaverse in education is gradually taking place, but understanding and utilization are still limited, especially at the primary and secondary school levels. This is further reinforced by the fact that Indonesia still adheres to mass education or education 2.0. This statement reflects the limitations in understanding and utilizing the concept of metaverse in school-based learning. This research aims to explore the utilization of metaverse as an interactive learning tool in the school environment. The research method used is a survey method, with educators at the primary and secondary school levels as respondents. Quantitative descriptive analysis is employed to determine the values of the related variables. The results of this research show that 40.4% of the respondents state that integrating social media with the metaverse can enhance the engagement and relevance of learning, creating interesting and interactive learning experiences. The metaverse also supports virtual social interactions, collaborative learning, and strengthens relationships with learners from diverse backgrounds. However, 47.4% of the respondents state that the integration of metaverse in learning practices is still limited, and learners' understanding of the metaverse needs to be improved. Further efforts are needed to integrate the metaverse into learning practices at schools, develop effective learning materials, and address existing challenges. In conclusion, the use of metaverse in learning has the potential to enhance learner engagement, creativity, collaboration, and motivation, but it requires more intensive efforts to fully integrate it into learning practices at schools.

Media społecznościowe jako źródło wiedzy wykorzystywanej w inwestycjach na rynku finansowym

Social media are a source of an enormous amount of data that can support investment decisions, with the development of digital technology in the field of data processing making the analysis of the content published on sites such as Twitter, Facebook and YouTube an indispensable part of the investment process for many financial market participants. The aim of this study is to identify the applications of social media in financial market investing, as well as undertaking to determine the position of social media among the available sources for obtaining market information. The empirical data used in the analysis was obtained through a survey carried out using the CAWI method. The results of the survey indicate that social media are an important source of information, especially for respondents with experience in financial market investments, although they are inferior to financial portals in this respect. The varied use of the social media platforms analysed was also recognised. The main advantage of using Twitter was identified as the ability to monitor current trends and follow the profiles of investment experts, for Facebook it was the ability to join investment-themed groups, while YouTube was valued for its access to educational content.

«ЦИФРОВИЙ ПОВОРОТ» В ОСВІТІ У КОНТЕКСТІ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ СУСПІЛЬСТВА

The presented article explores the integration of digital education into the concept of sustainable societal development and education relation to the formation of the "information society" and "knowledge society" processes. The term "knowledge society" is defined, emphasizing its relevance in the 2020s context. The article demonstrates that the spread of digital education is a manifestation of the "digital turn," driven by the transformation of information into a primary resource that sustains societal activities. The temporal boundaries of this phenomenon are also outlined, emphasizing that the "digital turn" represents both a quantitative and qualitative expression of the ongoing development of technologies. The main challenges associated with implementing the "digital turn" are identified, impacting the effectiveness of achieving sustainable development goals – a dynamic state of society, characterized by the rational use of resources. The significance of education in ensuring such rationality is elaborated upon. The pivotal moment marking revolutionary changes in the dissemination of digital education is identified as the onset of global quarantine measures in 2019. Digital technologies increases the speed and volume of information exchange. Simultaneously, educational information, as one of the most crucial forms, requires heightened attention in terms of quality and accessibility. The article identifies the main positive and negative manifestations of the "digital turn," critical for the construction of a "knowledge society" and the achievement of "sustainable development" goals. It is demonstrated that the attainment of the "knowledge society" and "sustainable development" states share common conditions associated with the development of digital technologies. Digital education, in particular, plays a crucial role as a condition for building a safe and predictable environment for the evolving of contemporary individual. Alongside global trends in digital education, specific features within the educational environment of Ukraine are addressed.

The Role of Omnichannel and Service Quality to Get the Best Customer Experience for Increasing Sales in The Retail Industry

The rapid development of technologies finally effects revolutionary to our daily activities especially in retail industry. This research was conducted to determine the effect of covid19 and the development of digital technology on customer behavior and how to shop. In this study there are four variables, namely Omnichannel (X1), Service Quality (X2), Customer Experience (Y1) and Sales Level (Y2). The population in this study were consumers who had bought in the retail industry with a sample of 150 respondents selected using purposive sampling method. Collecting data in this study by giving questionnaires to respondents. While in terms of data analysis, this study uses the path analysis method with the help of SPSS version 26 and smart-PLS. The results showed that: 1) OmniChannel has a positive and significant effect on Customer Experience, 2) Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Customer Experience, 3) OmniChannel has a positive and significant effect on sales levels, 4) Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on sales levels, 5) Customer Experience has a positive and significant effect on Sales Level, 6) OmniChannel has a positive and significant effect on Sales Level through Customer Experience, 7) Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Sales Level through Customer Experience. From this research, it is hoped that we can see how companies can increase their sales by maximizing customer experience through the use of Omnichannel strategies and service quality.

The Role of Whatsapp Business in Increasing Consumer Engagement by Implementing Dewa Eka Prayoga Marketing Techniques

The development of digital communication technology has changed the marketing paradigm, with WhatsApp Business becoming one of the popular platforms companies use to interact with customers. Effective marketing techniques such as those developed by Dewa Eka Prayoga, a well-known practitioner in the field of marketing, have become a concern in efforts to increase consumer engagement. This research aims to investigate the role of WhatsApp Business in increasing consumer engagement by applying Dewa Eka Prayoga marketing techniques. This research focuses on understanding the extent to which WhatsApp Business and Dewa Eka Prayoga's marketing techniques can increase consumer interaction and engagement. This research uses a quantitative research method with data collection using a questionnaire. The respondents were randomly selected from the target population of WhatsApp Business users who have used the Dewa Eka Prayoga marketing technique. The questionnaire was structured based on consumer involvement dimensions and the effectiveness of marketing techniques, and it was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. This research analysis shows that WhatsApp Business significantly increases consumer engagement when applied with the Dewa Eka Prayoga marketing technique. The high level of interaction between companies and consumers via WhatsApp Business positively influences consumer perceptions, as well as increases the level of consumer satisfaction and loyalty. This research concludes that WhatsApp Business is an effective tool for increasing consumer engagement when used together with Dewa Eka Prayoga's marketing techniques. Companies can use this platform to strengthen consumer relationships, expand marketing reach, and increase customer loyalty.

The Influencing Factor of Big Data Adoption for Indonesia Open Government

The development of digital technology in the industrial revolution 4.0 has made all aspects change, including in the field of government. This is a pressure and challenge for public organizations, as well as an opportunity to reform and adapt through Open Government. Open Government is the starting point of the Big Data era along with the Open Data process as a direct implication of openness in government. Big Data is one of the main elements of Open Government required to be adopted in government business processes. Therefore, the readiness of public organizations in adoption is an important thing to be followed up. This study aims to deliver a literature review the influencing factor of organizations readiness for Big Data adoption with the TOE (Technology, Organization, and Environment) conceptual framework. From the literature review, it is known that for the context of technology, several factors, including advantage, compatibility, complexity, scalability, and information security technology infrastructure influence the readiness in Big Data adoption. From the organizational context, the top management support, financial, human resources are also concluded to have a positive influence. Finally, from the environment point of view, the availability of laws and regulations and the focus on public services are external support systems for Big Data adoption.

Who is most at risk of digital exclusion within healthcare?

Abstract Introduction There has been a rapid growth in the use of digital technologies in healthcare to improve population health. However, due to digital exclusion (DE) (the unfair differences in motivation, access and use of these technologies), some demographic groups are unable to harness the health benefits of these technologies. Various frameworks have been designed to highlight groups vulnerable to health inequities, but none focus on DE. To provide better support for digitally excluded individuals, we must start by identifying demographic groups most at risk of DE. Aim Review the literature to identify demographic groups most at risk of DE within healthcare. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus were searched on 22nd October 2022 in a non-systematic way to scope and examine emerging evidence surrounding groups at risk of DE within healthcare. English-language peer-reviewed articles and grey literature (e.g., government reports and regulatory organisation documents) identifying demographic groups at risk of DE and possible factors influencing exclusion were included. Search terms included words associated with DE and health inequity. Data extracted from the included articles included the different demographic groups highlighted and reasons for DE. Results Analysis of twenty-two included articles highlighted six common sociodemographic factors associated with DE that we compiled into six groups. These groups include Culture (ethnicity, language, religion), Limiting conditions (visual and hearing impairments), Education, Age, Residence (rural, deprived areas, homeless), and Socioeconomic status, forming the CLEARS framework. Cultural factors associated with DE included bias in artificial intelligence models used in healthcare technologies, low sensitivity in sensors when used across different ethnic backgrounds, and lack of consideration for different religious groups. Limiting conditions may make it difficult to use the technology, such as reading health information on small screens if visually impaired. Low educational attainment and old age (over 65) were frequently associated with poor digital literacy skills and poor understanding of the benefit of health technologies, thus reducing motivation and use of health technologies. Residential factors centred around barriers to accessing infrastructure to support connectivity (e.g. WiFi) and socioeconomic factors, including financial barriers to compatible devices and connectivity. Individuals who identify with two or more of these groups (intersectionality) are at even greater risk of DE. Conclusion This review identified six groups at risk of DE, the contributing reasons for exclusion, and the role of intersectionality. The CLEARS framework generated from this review can guide researchers and health technology developers in identifying groups that need to be involved in the co-design of digital health technologies to support inclusion. During the development of the CLEARS framework, groups in previous health inequities frameworks, such as the LGBTQ+ community, were considered, but later excluded due to the lack of representation within the literature. However, it is also important to recognise underserved groups are less likely to appear in the literature. Further work is needed to design tailored guidelines to support the development of inclusive digital health technologies that meet the needs of underserved groups.